Solar cell module

Kazhinji, solar cell module inoumbwa nezvikamu zvishanu kubva kumusoro kusvika pasi, kusanganisira photovoltaic girazi, kurongedza anonamira firimu, cell chip, kurongedza adhesive firimu, uye backplane:

(1) Photovoltaic girazi

Pamusana pekushaya simba kwemagetsi kweimwe solar photovoltaic cell, zviri nyore kuputsa;Kunyorova uye gasi rinoparadza mumhepo zvishoma nezvishoma richaita oxidize uye ngura iyo electrode, uye haigoni kumira nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma ebasa rekunze;Panguva imwecheteyo, simba rekushanda re single photovoltaic cell rinowanzova duku, izvo zvakaoma kuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemagetsi emagetsi.Naizvozvo, maseru ezuva anowanzo kuvharirwa pakati pekurongedza mapaneru uye backplane neEVA firimu kuti iite indivisible photovoltaic module ine kurongedza uye yemukati yekubatanidza iyo inogona kupa DC kubuda yakazvimirira.Anoverengeka photovoltaic modules, inverters uye zvimwe zvinhu zvemagetsi zvinoumba iyo photovoltaic simba rekugadzira system.

Mushure mokunge girazi re photovoltaic rakavhara photovoltaic module rakaputirwa, rinogona kuve nechokwadi chepamusoro chekufambisa kwechiedza, kuitira kuti solar cell inogona kuunza mamwe magetsi;Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yakaomeswa photovoltaic girazi ine simba rakakwirira, iro rinogona kuita kuti masero ezuva akwanise kumira mhepo yakakura uye yakakura diurnal tembiricha musiyano.Naizvozvo, photovoltaic girazi ndechimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha zvephotovoltaic modules.

Photovoltaic masero anonyanya kukamurwa kuita crystalline silicon masero uye matete firimu masero.Girazi rephotovoltaic rinoshandiswa kune crystalline silicon masero anonyanya kutora nzira yecalendering, uye girazi rephotovoltaic rinoshandiswa kumasero matete emufirimu rinonyanya kutora nzira yekuyangarara.

(2) Kuvhara firimu rinonamira (EVA)

Iyo solar cell packaging adhesive film iri pakati pe solar cell module, iyo inoputira sero sheet uye inosungirirwa negirazi uye kumashure ndiro.Iwo makuru mabasa e solar cell packaging adhesive firimu anosanganisira: kupa tsigiro yerutsigiro rwesolar cell line midziyo, ichipa yakanyanya Optical coupling pakati pesero nemwaranzi yezuva, kuparadzanisa sero uye mutsara, uye kuitisa kupisa kunogadzirwa nesero, etc. Naizvozvo, kurongedza zvigadzirwa zvemafirimu zvinoda kuve nepamusoro pemvura vapor barriers, yakakwirira inooneka light transmittance, yakakwirira volume resistivity, weather resistance uye anti PID performance.

Parizvino, EVA inonamira firimu ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa adhesive firimu zvinhu zvesolar cell packaging.Kubva muna 2018, chikamu chayo chemusika chinenge 90%.Iyo ine makore anopfuura makumi maviri enhoroondo yekushandisa, ine yakaringana chigadzirwa kuita uye yakakwirira mutengo kuita.POE inonamira firimu imwe yakashandiswa zvakanyanya photovoltaic packaging inonamira firimu zvinhu.Kubva muna 2018, chikamu chayo chemusika chinenge 9% 5. Ichi chigadzirwa chinonzi ethylene octene copolymer, iyo inogona kushandiswa kurongedza ye solar single glass uye double glass modules, kunyanya mu double glass modules.POE inonamira firimu ine yakanakisa hunhu senge yakakwira mvura vapor barrier rate, yakakwirira inooneka mwenje transmittance, yakakwirira vhoriyamu resistivity, yakanakisa yemamiriro ekunze kuramba uye kwenguva refu anti PID kuita.Uye zvakare, iyo yakasarudzika yakakwira kuratidzira kuita kwechigadzirwa ichi kunogona kuvandudza kushandiswa kunoshanda kwechiedza chezuva kune module, kubatsira kuwedzera simba remodule, uye inogona kugadzirisa dambudziko rewhite adhesive film overfast after module lamination.

(3) Battery chip

Silicon solar cell ndeye yakajairwa maviri terminal mudziyo.Iwo maviri materminal ari zvakateerana pane mwenje inogashira pamusoro uye backlight pamusoro peiyo silicon chip.

Nheyo yekugadzirwa kwemagetsi ephotovoltaic: Kana photon inopenya pasimbi, simba rayo rinogona kubatwa zvakakwana ne electron musimbi.Simba rinotorwa nerekitironi rakakura zvakakwana kuti rikunde simba reCoulomb mukati meatomu yesimbi uye kuita basa, kupukunyuka kubva kune simbi uye kuve photoelectron.Silicon atomu ine maerekitironi mana ekunze.Kana silicon yakachena ichiiswa maatomu ane maerekitironi mashanu ekunze, senge maatomu ephosphorus, inova semiconductor yeN-mhando;Kana silicon yakachena ichiiswa maatomu ane maerekitironi matatu ekunze, senge maatomu eboron, P-type semiconductor inoumbwa.Kana P mhando neN mhando zvabatanidzwa, iyo yekubata kumeso inoumba mutsauko ungangoita uye ive solar sero.Kana chiedza chezuva chichipenya paPN junction, ikozvino inoyerera ichibva kudivi reP-type ichienda kudivi reN-type, ichigadzira ikozvino.

Zvinoenderana nemhando dzakasiyana dzinoshandiswa, masero ezuva anogona kukamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu: chikamu chekutanga ndeye crystalline silicon solar masero, kusanganisira monocrystalline silicon uye polycrystalline silicon.Tsvagiridzo yavo uye kusimudzira uye kushandiswa kwemusika kwakadzama, uye yavo photoelectric shanduko inoshanda yakakwira, ichitora chikamu chikuru chemusika cheiyo bhatiri chip;Chikamu chechipiri idete-firimu solar masero, anosanganisira silicon akavakirwa mafirimu, makomisheni uye organic zvinhu.Nekudaro, nekuda kwekushomeka kana huturu hwezvigadzirwa, kushomeka kwekushandura, kusagadzikana kwakashata uye kumwe kukanganisa, hazviwanzo kushandiswa mumusika;Chikamu chechitatu masero matsva ezuva, anosanganisira laminated solar cells, ari pari zvino ari mudanho rekutsvagisa nekusimudzira uye tekinoroji haisati yakura.

Iyo mikuru yezvigadzirwa zvemasero ezuva ndeye polysilicon (iyo inogona kugadzira imwechete crystal silicon tsvimbo, polysilicon ingots, nezvimwewo).Maitiro ekugadzira anonyanya kusanganisira: kuchenesa uye kuyerera, kupararira, edge etching, dephosphorized silicon girazi, PECVD, kudhinda skrini, sintering, kuyedza, nezvimwe.

Musiyano uye hukama pakati pekristaro imwechete uye polycrystalline photovoltaic panel inowedzerwa pano

Single crystal uye polycrystalline nzira mbiri dzehunyanzvi dzecrystalline silicon solar simba.Kana iyo crystal imwe chete inofananidzwa nebwe rakakwana, iyo polycrystalline ibwe rakagadzirwa nematombo akapwanyika.Pamusana pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemuviri, iyo photoelectric inoshandura kushanda kwekristaro imwe chete yakakwirira kudarika yepolycrystal, asi mari yepolycrystal yakaderera.

Iyo photoelectric shanduko inoshanda yemonocrystalline silicon solar masero ingangoita 18%, uye yepamusoro i24%.Iyi ndiyo yepamusoro-soro yekushandura photoelectric kunyatsoshanda kwemarudzi ese emasero ezuva, asi mutengo wekugadzira wakakwira.Nekuti monocrystalline silicon inowanzoputirwa negirazi rinodziya uye isingapindi mvura resin, inogara uye ine hupenyu hwesevhisi hwemakore makumi maviri nemashanu.

Iyo nzira yekugadzira ye polycrystalline silicon solar masero yakafanana neye monocrystalline silicon solar masero, asi iyo photoelectric shanduko yekushanda yepolycrystalline silicon solar masero inoda kuderedzwa zvakanyanya, uye yayo photoelectric kutendeuka inoshanda inenge 16%.Panyaya yemutengo wekugadzira, yakachipa kupfuura monocrystalline silicon solar masero.Zvishandiso zviri nyore kugadzira, kuchengetedza mashandisiro emagetsi, uye mutengo wekugadzira wakaderera.

Hukama pakati pekristaro imwechete uye polycrystal: polycrystal ikristaro imwechete ine hurema.

Nekukwira kwemabhidhiri epamhepo pasina rubatsiro uye kushomeka kuri kuwedzera kwezviwanikwa zvevhu zvinogoneka, kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvinoshanda mumusika wepasi rose kuri kuwedzera.Kutariswa kwevanodyara mari kwakachinjawo kubva pakumhanyisa kwekare kuenda kune yekutanga sosi, ndiko kuti, kuita kwekugadzira magetsi uye kuvimbika kwenguva refu kweprojekiti pachayo, inova kiyi yekuwana mari yezviteshi zvemagetsi.Panguva ino, tekinoroji yepolycrystalline ichine zvakanakira mumutengo, asi kushanda kwayo kwakaderera.

Pane zvikonzero zvakawanda zvekukura kweusimbe kwepolycrystalline tekinoroji: kune rumwe rutivi, mutengo wekutsvagisa nekusimudzira unoramba wakakwira, izvo zvinotungamira kumutengo wepamusoro wekugadzira wemaitiro matsva.Kune rimwe divi, mutengo wemidziyo unodhura zvakanyanya.Zvisinei, kunyange zvazvo simba rekugadzira magetsi uye kushanda kwemakristasi anobudirira asingasviki mapolycrystals uye makristasi akajairwa, vamwe vatengi vanokoshesa mutengo vachave "vasingakwanisi kukwikwidza" pakusarudza.

Parizvino, inobudirira single crystal tekinoroji yakawana chiyero chakanaka pakati pekuita uye mutengo.Huwandu hwekutengesa hwekristaro imwe chete hwakatora chinzvimbo chekutungamira mumusika.

(4) Backplane

Iyo solar backplane ndeye photovoltaic kurongedza zvinhu zviri kuseri kwesolar cell module.Inonyanya kushandiswa kuchengetedza solar cell module munzvimbo yekunze, kuramba kuodzwa kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvakaita sechiedza, hunyoro uye kupisa pafirimu rekurongedza, maseru machipisi uye zvimwe zvinhu, uye kutamba mamiriro ekunze anopesana nekudzivirira insulation basa.Sezvo iyo backplane iri kumucheto wekunze kuseri kwePV module uye yakanangana nenharaunda yekunze, inofanirwa kunge iine yakanakisa yakakwirira uye yakaderera tembiricha kuramba, ultraviolet nemwaranzi kuramba, kwezvakatipoteredza kuchembera, kuvharira kwemvura, kuvharwa kwemagetsi nezvimwe. zvivakwa zvekusangana ne25 makore sevhisi hupenyu hwe solar cell module.Nekuenderera mberi kwekuvandudzwa kwesimba rekugadzira simba zvinodiwa zveiyo photovoltaic indasitiri, zvimwe zvakakwirira-inoshanda solar backplane zvigadzirwa zvakare zvine yakakwira mwenje kutarisisa kuvandudza iyo photoelectric shanduko inoshanda yesolar modules.

Zvinoenderana nekurongeka kwezvinhu, iyo backplane inonyanya kukamurwa kuita organic polymers uye inorganic zvinhu.Iyo solar backplane inowanzo reva organic polymers, uye izvo inorganic zvinhu zvinonyanya girazi.Zvinoenderana nemaitiro ekugadzira, kune anonyanya kuumbwa mhando, coating mhando uye coextrusion mhando.Parizvino, iyo composite backplane accounts inodarika 78% yemusika wekumashure.Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwekushandiswa kweaviri magirazi ezvikamu, chikamu chemusika chegirazi backplane chinodarika 12%, uye icho cheyakavharidzirwa backplane uye mamwe magadzirirwo ekumashure angangoita gumi%.

Izvo zvigadzirwa zve solar backplane zvinonyanya zvinosanganisira PET base firimu, fluorine zvinhu uye anonamira.PET base firimu rinonyanya kupa insulation uye michina zvivakwa, asi mamiriro ekunze ayo kuramba akashata;Fluorine zvinhu zvinonyanya kukamurwa kuva mafomu maviri: fluorine firimu uye fluorine ine resin, iyo inopa insulation, kupikisa mamiriro ekunze uye chipingamupinyi pfuma;Iyo inonamira inonyanya kuumbwa nesynthetic resin, inoporesa agent, inoshanda ekuwedzera uye mamwe makemikari.Inoshandiswa kubatanidza PET base firimu uye fluorine firimu mune composite backplane.Parizvino, mabackplanes emhando yepamusoro solar cell modules anoshandisa fluoride zvinhu kuchengetedza iyo PET base firimu.Musiyano chete ndewekuti chimiro uye kuumbwa kwezvinhu zvefluoride zvinoshandiswa zvakasiyana.Iyo fluorine zvinhu inosanganiswa paPET base firimu nekunamatira muchimiro chefluorine firimu, iyo inoumbwa backplane;Iyo yakanamirwa yakanamirwa paPET base firimu muchimiro chefluorine ine resin kuburikidza neakakosha maitiro, ayo anonzi coated backplane.

Kazhinji kutaura, iyo composite backplane ine yepamusoro yakazara mashandiro nekuda kwekutendeseka kweiyo fluorine firimu;Iyo yakavharidzirwa backplane ine mutengo mukana nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakaderera wezvinhu.

Marudzi makuru ecomposite backplane

Iyo composite solar backplane inogona kukamurwa kuita kaviri-sided fluorine firimu backplane, single-sided fluorine film backplane, uye fluorine yemahara backplane zvinoenderana ne fluorine zvirimo.Nekuda kwekushomeka kwemamiriro ekunze uye mamwe maitiro, ivo vanokodzera nharaunda dzakasiyana.Kazhinji, kuramba kwemamiriro ekunze kune zvakatipoteredza kunoteverwa nekaviri-sided fluorine film backplane, single-sided fluorine film backplane, uye fluorine yemahara backplane, uye mitengo yavo inowanzodzikira.

Cherechedza: (1) PVF (monofluorinated resin) firimu rinobudiswa kubva kuPVF copolymer.Iyi nzira yekugadzira inovimbisa kuti PVF yekushongedza layer yakabatana uye haina hurema hwakadai semapini uye makatsemuka anowanzoitika panguva yePVDF (difluorinated resin) coating spraying kana roller coating.Naizvozvo, iyo insulation yePVF firimu yekushongedza layer yakakura pane PVDF coating.PVF firimu rekuvhara zvinhu rinogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzine nharaunda yakaipisisa yekuora;

(2) Mukuita kwekugadzira firimu rePVF, kurongedzerwa kweiyo molecular lattice pamwe chete nelongitudinal uye transverse nzira inosimbisa simba rayo remuviri, saka firimu rePVF rine kuoma kukuru;

(3) PVF firimu rine yakasimba kupfeka kuramba uye refu sevhisi upenyu;

(4) Iyo pamusoro peiyo extruded PVF firimu yakatsetseka uye yakapfava, isina mitsetse, orange peel, micro wrinkle uye humwe hurema hunogadzirwa pamusoro panguva yekuputira kana kupfapfaidza.

Mamiriro ezvinhu anoshanda

Nekuda kwekupikisa kwayo kwepamusoro kwemamiriro ekunze, kaviri-sided fluorine film composite backplane inogona kumira zvakakomba zvakatipoteredza sechando, tembiricha yepamusoro, mhepo nejecha, mvura, nezvimwewo, uye inowanzo shandiswa zvakanyanya mubani, renje, Gobi nedzimwe nzvimbo;Iyo single-sided fluorine film composite backplane chinhu chinoderedza mutengo weaviri-sided fluorine film composite backplane.Kana ichienzaniswa nekaviri-sided fluorine film composite backplane, mukati mayo ane urombo ultraviolet kuramba uye kupisa dissipation, iyo inonyanya kushanda pamatenga uye nzvimbo dzine mwero ultraviolet mwaranzi.

6, PV inverter

Mukuita kwezuva photovoltaic simba rekugadzira, simba rinogadzirwa ne photovoltaic arrays isimba reDC, asi mitoro yakawanda inoda AC simba.DC magetsi emagetsi sisitimu ine mipimo mikuru, iyo isiri nyore kuchinjisa voltage, uye kuremerwa kwekushandisa chiyero zvakare kushoma.Kunze kwekuremerwa kwemagetsi akakosha, ma inverters anodiwa kushandura DC simba kuita AC simba.Iyo photovoltaic inverter ndiyo mwoyo we solar photovoltaic power generation system.Inoshandura simba reDC rinogadzirwa ne photovoltaic power generation system kuita simba reAC rinodiwa nehupenyu kuburikidza nemagetsi ekushandura tekinoroji tekinoroji, uye ndechimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvakakosha zveiyo photovoltaic magetsi chiteshi.